Unlike an adverse analytical finding, a non-analytical anti-doping rule violation (ADRV) does not stem from a positive urine or blood sample. Instead, it originates from and is substantiated by other evidence of doping or violations by an athlete or athlete support person. A non-analytical ADRV may, for example, stem from an investigation triggered by a tip to a confidential hotline.
These cases matter because investigations built on non-analytical evidence have led to the discovery of large performance-enhancing drug (PED) trafficking operations, as well as the use of designer drugs and doping methods that are difficult to detect through testing alone.
The Role of Investigations
Beyond our strategic testing program, USADA relies on its investigative operations and the help of those inside sport, including whistleblowers, to detect and deter doping. By investigating tips submitted to our Play Clean Tip Center, USADA ensures that those with direct knowledge of potential doping activity can share that information with qualified professionals who can act on it. USADA’s investigative work has grown significantly over the years, supported by improvements in the quality of anti-doping intelligence received.
Consistent with the World Anti-Doping Code, USADA makes every effort to securely and confidentially obtain anti-doping intelligence from all available sources, including athletes, coaches, and medical professionals. Depending on the nature of a case, investigations may also involve collaboration with law enforcement or other authorities.
The Power of Anti-Doping Intelligence
One of the most extensive sports doping conspiracies ever uncovered in the United States began with a single anonymous tip. On June 5, 2003, an anonymous tipster informed USADA that a designer steroid was being distributed to athletes by Victor Conte at the Bay Area Laboratory Co-Operative (BALCO). The tipster then overnighted USADA a syringe containing an unidentified clear liquid, which allowed USADA to identify the substance and launch a successful investigation in collaboration with federal authorities.
As a result of the information provided by that courageous tipster, more than two dozen individuals were held accountable for violating the integrity of sport, and there were a number of non-analytical ADRVs involved. The BALCO operators, coaches, and an event organizer also received penalties for their roles in the doping scandal.
Play Clean Tip Center
Credible information from people who know what is happening in their sport is the foundation of every effective non-analytical investigation. That means everyone has a role to play in the fight for clean sport. If you know something, say something.
By contacting the Play Clean Tip Center, you can confidentially report doping to USADA, which means you can remain anonymous throughout USADA’s investigation and any resulting disciplinary proceedings.
To report potential anti-doping rule violations, text anonymous tips to “87232” (USADA), email PlayClean@USADA.org, call 1-877-Play Clean [1-877-752-9253], or submit information here.
